To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser.Related Papers Delivering Open Distance E-Learning through Ubuntu Values By Sindile Ngubane-Mokiwa THE INFORMATION NEEDS OF STUDENT LIBRARY USERS AND THE FULFILMENT THEREOF AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA BY BUSISIWE RAMASODI By do phuong Tutorial Letter 10102018 Advanced Security Risk Control Measures and Security Technology IV SEP4803 Year module By Mashudu Mathivha Contents PREFACE By regomoditswe lerato Constitutionalism as reflection By Maciej Pichlak READ PAPER Download pdf.Because reality is context free, different researchers working in different tim es and places will converge to the same conclusi ons about a given phenomenon.The article starts with a brief description of the four components of a research paradigm: ontology, epistemology, methodology, and methods.
Introduction To Research Methodology Upgrade Your BrowserThis is followed by a detailed discussion of the three paradigms and what characterizes the four components in each of the three paradigms. The article concludes by stating that researchers can investigate different phenomena under any of the three paradigms and they should not eschew the possibility of subscribing to different paradigms because of any concerns that they have to be mutually exclusive. Instead, the decision of choosing a philosophical outlook to investigate a phenomenon should be guided by the necessities and requirements of a research study rather than the obdurate insistence of adhering to one particular philosophical outlook to the exclusion of others. Introduction To Research Methodology For Free Advertisement ContentDiscover the worlds research 17 million members 135 million publications 700k research projects Join for free Advertisement Content uploaded by Adil Abdul Rehman Author content All content in this area was uploaded by Adil Abdul Rehman on May 08, 2018 Content may be subject to copyright. English Language Insti tute, King Abdualziz University, Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, B. O Box 80200, Saudi Arabia. Corresponding Em ail: aabdulrehmankau.edu.sa Abstract The aim of this article is to provide a brief outline of different research paradigms. It explores the philosophical underpinnings of t hree major paradigms: po sitivism, interpretivism, and critical theory. This is followed by a deta iled discussion of the t hree paradigms and what character izes the four components i n each of the three paradigms. The article concludes by stating that researchers can investigate different phenomena under any of the t hree paradigms and they should n ot eschew the p ossibility of subscribing to di fferent paradi gms b ecause of any concerns that they have to be mutually exclusive. ![]() Keywords: research paradigm, ontology, epistemology, methodology, posi tivism, interpretivism, critical theory 1. INTRODUCTION As researchers, we have to be able to understand and articulate beliefs about the nature of reality, what can be k nown about it and how we go about attaining t his knowledge. These are elements of research paradigms. A paradigm i s a basic belief system and theoretical framework with as sumptions about 1 ) ontology, 2) e pistemology, 3) methodol ogy and 4) methods. ![]() We will look closely at the four components of a research paradigm. Ontology Ontology and epistemology are to research w hat footings are to a house: they form the foundations of the whole edifice. Grix, 2004, p. 59) Ontology refers to the n ature of our b eliefs about reality (Richards, 2003, p. Researchers have assumptions (sometimes implicit) about reality, how it exists and what ca n be known about it. It is the ontological question that leads a researcher to inquire what kind of. It is the strategy, plan of action, process or desi gn that informs ones choice of research methods (Crotty, 1998, p. ![]() It guides the researcher in deciding what type of data is required for a study and which data collec tion tools will be most appropri ate for the purpose o f hisher study. It is the meth odological question that leads the researcher t o ask how the world should be studied. Methods Methods are specific means o f collecting and analysing data, such as quest ionnaires and open ended interviews. What m ethods to use for a research project will depend on the design of that project an d the research ers theoreti cal mi ndset. Howeve r, it must be noted that use of parti cular methods does not entail ontological and epistemological assumptions. DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH We will n ow l ook at t hree different approaches to educational research: 1) Positivism 2) Interpretivism 3) Cr itical t heory. This is essential because as consumers of research, we have to be able to look deeper into claims made by re searchers who adhere to different research paradigms. A ccording to Pa tton (2002), When researchers operate from different f rameworks. Furthermore, someone who is i deologically rooted in one research paradigm and ignorant o f the t heoretical underp innings and terminology o f other research paradigms is not in a good position to appraise research conducted under a different tradition. Positivism The term positivism refers t o a branch of p hilosophy that rose to prominence during the early nineteenth century because of the works of the French philosopher Auguste Comte (Richards, 2003, p. Positivism assumes that real ity exists i ndependently of h umans. It i s not m ediated by our senses and it is go verned by immutable laws. The ontological pos ition o f positivists is that of realism. In nature, there is a cause-effect relationship bet ween p henomena, and once established, they can be predicted w ith certainty in the future.
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